All runs Hypnea musciformis PHOTOSYNTHESIS Analysis, Script Chunks, and Plots
This is the analysis of all the Hypnea musciformis salinity and nutrient experiments conducted on the lanai in St. John 616 from September 2021 to October 2022. These experiments incorporated four paired salinity and nutrient treatments with three temperatures. Each of the first four runs produced an n = 2 and was repeated initially 8 times for a total of n = 16. Data gaps were identified and filled in February, April, and October 2022. This output reflects all data totaling six treatments for Hypnea only.
Packages loaded:
library(lme4)
library(lmerTest)
library(effects)
library(car)
library(MuMIn)
library (dplyr)
library(emmeans)
library(DHARMa)
library(performance)
library(patchwork)
library(rstatix)
#for plots and tables
library(ggplot2)
library(ggpubr)
library(forcats)
library(RColorBrewer)
library(tidyverse)
library(sjPlot)
library(sjmisc)
#library(mmtable2)
library(gt)
library(purrr)
library(stringr)
library(tidyr)
Open the output dataset generated by the ps_script_clean_to_ek_alpha.R script in the phytotools_alpha_ek project This file was normalized to quantum efficiency of photosynthesis as this seems to be more accurate (changed in fitWebb input) per Silsbe and Kromkamp (2012)
all_runs_photosyn_data <- read.csv("../data_input/hyp_ulva_all_runs_ek_alpha_normalized.csv")
Assign run as a factor
all_runs_photosyn_data$Run <- as.factor(all_runs_photosyn_data$Run)
Assign temperature as a factor
all_runs_photosyn_data$Temperature <- as.factor(all_runs_photosyn_data$Temp...C.)
Assign treatment as characters from integers then to factors
all_runs_photosyn_data$Treatment <- as.factor(as.character(all_runs_photosyn_data$Treatment))
Assign deltaNPQ as a factor
all_runs_photosyn_data$deltaNPQ <- as.factor(all_runs_photosyn_data$deltaNPQ)
Subset the data and toggle between the species for output. Use Day 9 for final analysis ONLY This will also assign the proper labels for plots
hypnea <- subset(all_runs_photosyn_data, Species == "hm" & RLC.Day == 9)
hypnea$treatment_graph[hypnea$Treatment == 0] <- "1) 35ppt/0.5umol"
hypnea$treatment_graph[hypnea$Treatment == 1] <- "2) 35ppt/14umol"
hypnea$treatment_graph[hypnea$Treatment == 2] <- "3) 28ppt/27umol"
hypnea$treatment_graph[hypnea$Treatment == 3] <- "5) 18ppt/53umol"
hypnea$treatment_graph[hypnea$Treatment == 4] <- "6) 11ppt/80umol"
hypnea$treatment_graph[hypnea$Treatment == 2.5] <- "4) 28ppt/53umol"
Add a column for growth rate from growth rate dataset to the already subsetted hypnea data frame
growth_rate <- read.csv("/Users/Angela/src/work/limu/algal_growth_photosynthesis/data_input/all_runs_growth_011723.csv")
growth_rate$Species <- as.factor(growth_rate$Species)
growth_rate$treatment <- as.factor(growth_rate$treatment)
growth_rate$growth_rate_percent <- (growth_rate$final.weight - growth_rate$Initial.weight) / growth_rate$Initial.weight * 100
Subset for hypnea only and calculate growth rate from final and initial weights
gr_hypnea <- subset(growth_rate, Species == "Hm" & growth_rate_percent > -87.96837)
hypnea$growth_rate <- round((gr_hypnea$final.weight - gr_hypnea$Initial.weight) / gr_hypnea$Initial.weight * 100, digits = 2)
#Run the model Run model for rETRmax with two fixed effect variables and three random effects variables
#run model without interaction between the treatments and temperature
all_runs_photosyn_model_hyp <- lmer(formula = rETRmax ~ Treatment + Temperature + (1 | Run)
+ (1 | Plant.ID) + (1 | RLC.Order), data = hypnea)
rETRmax – Make a histogram and residual plots of the data
hist(hypnea$rETRmax, main = paste("Hypnea musciformis rETRmax"), col = "olivedrab3", labels = TRUE)
#or
hypnea %>% ggplot(aes(rETRmax)) +
geom_histogram(binwidth=5, fill = "#5BB300", color = "black", size = 0.25, alpha = 0.85) +
theme_bw()
plot(resid(all_runs_photosyn_model_hyp) ~ fitted(all_runs_photosyn_model_hyp))
qqnorm(resid(all_runs_photosyn_model_hyp))
qqline(resid(all_runs_photosyn_model_hyp))
rETRmax – Check the performance of the model
performance::check_model(all_runs_photosyn_model_hyp)
These outputs show the model is acceptable
rETRmax – Check r2 for model fit and print the model statistics summary
r.squaredGLMM(all_runs_photosyn_model_hyp)
## Warning: 'r.squaredGLMM' now calculates a revised statistic. See the help page.
## R2m R2c
## [1,] 0.2729647 0.6603186
summary(all_runs_photosyn_model_hyp)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML. t-tests use Satterthwaite's method [
## lmerModLmerTest]
## Formula: rETRmax ~ Treatment + Temperature + (1 | Run) + (1 | Plant.ID) +
## (1 | RLC.Order)
## Data: hypnea
##
## REML criterion at convergence: 2288.8
##
## Scaled residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -2.1498 -0.4895 -0.0723 0.4021 4.0779
##
## Random effects:
## Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
## Plant.ID (Intercept) 96.834 9.840
## Run (Intercept) 36.420 6.035
## RLC.Order (Intercept) 4.555 2.134
## Residual 120.849 10.993
## Number of obs: 287, groups: Plant.ID, 143; Run, 8; RLC.Order, 6
##
## Fixed effects:
## Estimate Std. Error df t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 67.18972 5.15950 5.81032 13.023 1.61e-05 ***
## Treatment1 -0.05548 5.90084 5.15560 -0.009 0.993
## Treatment2 -2.02736 5.90084 5.15560 -0.344 0.745
## Treatment2.5 9.99208 7.98125 3.77028 1.252 0.283
## Treatment3 3.71119 5.90084 5.15560 0.629 0.556
## Treatment4 2.14301 5.90608 5.17441 0.363 0.731
## Temperature27 -18.98755 3.15062 12.09109 -6.027 5.78e-05 ***
## Temperature30 -19.30286 2.99090 24.57230 -6.454 1.01e-06 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
## (Intr) Trtmn1 Trtmn2 Trt2.5 Trtmn3 Trtmn4 Tmpr27
## Treatment1 -0.748
## Treatment2 -0.748 0.928
## Treatmnt2.5 -0.552 0.483 0.483
## Treatment3 -0.748 0.928 0.928 0.483
## Treatment4 -0.747 0.927 0.927 0.483 0.927
## Temperatr27 -0.298 0.003 0.003 0.000 0.003 0.002
## Temperatr30 -0.292 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.487
Use Bartlett’s test to check for equal variance
bartlett.test(rETRmax ~ Treatment, data = hypnea)
##
## Bartlett test of homogeneity of variances
##
## data: rETRmax by Treatment
## Bartlett's K-squared = 16.469, df = 5, p-value = 0.005625
Run Welch’s ANOVA if not equal variances
welch_anova_treatment <- oneway.test(rETRmax ~ Treatment, data = hypnea, var.equal = FALSE)
welch_anova_treatment
##
## One-way analysis of means (not assuming equal variances)
##
## data: rETRmax and Treatment
## F = 2.3271, num df = 5.00, denom df = 130.67, p-value = 0.04624
welch_anova_temp <- oneway.test(rETRmax ~ Temperature, data = hypnea, var.equal = FALSE)
welch_anova_temp
##
## One-way analysis of means (not assuming equal variances)
##
## data: rETRmax and Temperature
## F = 34.608, num df = 2.00, denom df = 184.24, p-value = 1.737e-13
games_howell_test(hypnea, rETRmax ~ Treatment, conf.level = 0.95, detailed = FALSE)
rETRmax – Plot and make a table of the results. Also get means for the treatments
plot(allEffects(all_runs_photosyn_model_hyp))
tab_model(all_runs_photosyn_model_hyp)
| Â | rETRmax | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Estimates | CI | p |
| (Intercept) | 67.19 | 57.03 – 77.35 | <0.001 |
| Treatment [1] | -0.06 | -11.67 – 11.56 | 0.993 |
| Treatment [2] | -2.03 | -13.64 – 9.59 | 0.731 |
| Treatment [2.5] | 9.99 | -5.72 – 25.70 | 0.212 |
| Treatment [3] | 3.71 | -7.91 – 15.33 | 0.530 |
| Treatment [4] | 2.14 | -9.48 – 13.77 | 0.717 |
| Temperature [27] | -18.99 | -25.19 – -12.79 | <0.001 |
| Temperature [30] | -19.30 | -25.19 – -13.41 | <0.001 |
| Random Effects | |||
| σ2 | 120.85 | ||
| τ00 Plant.ID | 96.83 | ||
| τ00 Run | 36.42 | ||
| τ00 RLC.Order | 4.55 | ||
| ICC | 0.53 | ||
| N Run | 8 | ||
| N Plant.ID | 143 | ||
| N RLC.Order | 6 | ||
| Observations | 287 | ||
| Marginal R2 / Conditional R2 | 0.273 / 0.660 | ||
hypnea %>% group_by(Treatment) %>% summarise_at(vars(rETRmax), list(mean = mean))
hypnea %>% ggplot(aes(treatment_graph, rETRmax)) +
geom_boxplot(size=0.5) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.5, size = 3, aes(color = Temperature), show.legend = TRUE) +
labs(x="salinity/nitrate", y= "rETRmax (μmols electrons m-2 s-1)", title= "B", subtitle = "Hypnea musciformis") +
scale_x_discrete(labels = c("35ppt/0.5umolN", "35ppt/14umolN", "28ppt/27umolN", "28ppt/53umolN", "18ppt/53umolN", "11ppt/80umolN")) + ylim(-1, 170) + stat_mean() +
geom_hline(yintercept=0, color = "purple", size = 0.5, alpha = 0.5) +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position = c(0.90,0.90), plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", vjust = -15, hjust = 0.05), plot.subtitle = element_text(face = "italic", vjust = -20, hjust = 0.05))
Plot a regression between the photosynthetic independent variables of interest and growth rate
#rETRmax vs. Growth rate
hypnea_growth_etr_graph <- ggplot(hypnea, aes(x=rETRmax, y=growth_rate)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.5, size = 3, show.legend = TRUE, aes(color = Treatment)) +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", col = "black") + theme_bw() +
labs(title = "Hypnea musciformis rETRmax vs Growth Rate", x = "rETRmax (μmols electrons m-2 s-1)",
y = "growth rate (%)") + stat_regline_equation(label.x = 25, label.y = 165) + stat_cor()
hypnea_growth_etr_graph
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
#rETRmax vs. Ek
hypnea_etr_ek_graph <- ggplot(hypnea, aes(x=rETRmax, y=ek.1)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.5, size = 3, show.legend = TRUE, aes(color = Treatment)) +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", col = "black") + theme_bw() +
labs(title = "Hypnea musciformis rETRmax vs Ek", x = "rETRmax (μmols electrons m-2 s-1)",
y = "Ek (μmols photons m-2 s-1)") + stat_regline_equation(label.x = 25, label.y = 165) + stat_cor()
hypnea_etr_ek_graph
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
Temperature did not have a significant effect on the outcome for rETRmax
Run model for minimum saturating irradiance (Ek) with two fixed effect variables and three random effects variables
all_runs_photosyn_model_ek <- lmer(formula = ek.1 ~ Treatment + Temperature + (1 | Run)
+ (1 | Plant.ID) + (1 | RLC.Order), data = hypnea)
Ek – Make a histogram and residual plots of the data for hypnea
hist(hypnea$ek.1, main = paste("Hypnea musciformis Ek"), col = "darkolivegreen3", labels = TRUE)
plot(resid(all_runs_photosyn_model_ek) ~ fitted(all_runs_photosyn_model_ek))
qqnorm(resid(all_runs_photosyn_model_ek))
qqline(resid(all_runs_photosyn_model_ek))
hypnea %>% ggplot(aes(ek.1)) +
geom_histogram(binwidth=5, fill = "#5BB300", color = "black", size = 0.25, alpha = 0.85) +
theme_bw()
Ek – Check the performance of the model
performance::check_model(all_runs_photosyn_model_ek)
Ek – Check r2 for model fit and print the model statistics summary
r.squaredGLMM(all_runs_photosyn_model_ek)
## R2m R2c
## [1,] 0.3697053 0.5736145
summary(all_runs_photosyn_model_ek)
## Linear mixed model fit by REML. t-tests use Satterthwaite's method [
## lmerModLmerTest]
## Formula: ek.1 ~ Treatment + Temperature + (1 | Run) + (1 | Plant.ID) +
## (1 | RLC.Order)
## Data: hypnea
##
## REML criterion at convergence: 2635.7
##
## Scaled residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -2.1134 -0.5622 -0.0770 0.4353 3.8754
##
## Random effects:
## Groups Name Variance Std.Dev.
## Plant.ID (Intercept) 115.63 10.753
## Run (Intercept) 129.95 11.400
## RLC.Order (Intercept) 13.11 3.621
## Residual 540.94 23.258
## Number of obs: 287, groups: Plant.ID, 143; Run, 8; RLC.Order, 6
##
## Fixed effects:
## Estimate Std. Error df t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 76.631 9.396 6.457 8.156 0.000125 ***
## Treatment1 18.116 10.903 6.014 1.662 0.147542
## Treatment2 17.444 10.903 6.014 1.600 0.160627
## Treatment2.5 42.029 14.909 4.589 2.819 0.040925 *
## Treatment3 17.237 10.903 6.014 1.581 0.164855
## Treatment4 25.396 10.915 6.040 2.327 0.058620 .
## Temperature27 -35.800 4.904 19.449 -7.299 5.52e-07 ***
## Temperature30 -38.801 4.607 46.398 -8.422 6.65e-11 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Correlation of Fixed Effects:
## (Intr) Trtmn1 Trtmn2 Trt2.5 Trtmn3 Trtmn4 Tmpr27
## Treatment1 -0.768
## Treatment2 -0.768 0.905
## Treatmnt2.5 -0.561 0.484 0.484
## Treatment3 -0.768 0.905 0.905 0.484
## Treatment4 -0.767 0.904 0.904 0.483 0.904
## Temperatr27 -0.253 0.002 0.002 0.000 0.002 0.001
## Temperatr30 -0.247 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.482
Ek – Run Bartlett’s test and Welch’s ANOVA with Games Howell test for pairwise comparisons
bartlett.test(ek.1 ~ Treatment, data = hypnea)
##
## Bartlett test of homogeneity of variances
##
## data: ek.1 by Treatment
## Bartlett's K-squared = 6.4027, df = 5, p-value = 0.269
welch_anova_treatment <- oneway.test(ek.1 ~ Treatment, data = hypnea, var.equal = FALSE)
welch_anova_treatment
##
## One-way analysis of means (not assuming equal variances)
##
## data: ek.1 and Treatment
## F = 9.4662, num df = 5.00, denom df = 130.87, p-value = 1.006e-07
welch_anova_temp <- oneway.test(ek.1 ~ Temperature, data = hypnea, var.equal = FALSE)
welch_anova_temp
##
## One-way analysis of means (not assuming equal variances)
##
## data: ek.1 and Temperature
## F = 43.715, num df = 2.00, denom df = 187.93, p-value = 2.574e-16
games_howell_test(hypnea, ek.1 ~ Treatment, conf.level = 0.95, detailed = TRUE)
Ek – Plots and tables for the results
tab_model(all_runs_photosyn_model_ek)
| Â | ek.1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Estimates | CI | p |
| (Intercept) | 76.63 | 58.13 – 95.13 | <0.001 |
| Treatment [1] | 18.12 | -3.35 – 39.58 | 0.098 |
| Treatment [2] | 17.44 | -4.02 – 38.91 | 0.111 |
| Treatment [2.5] | 42.03 | 12.68 – 71.38 | 0.005 |
| Treatment [3] | 17.24 | -4.23 – 38.70 | 0.115 |
| Treatment [4] | 25.40 | 3.91 – 46.88 | 0.021 |
| Temperature [27] | -35.80 | -45.45 – -26.14 | <0.001 |
| Temperature [30] | -38.80 | -47.87 – -29.73 | <0.001 |
| Random Effects | |||
| σ2 | 540.94 | ||
| τ00 Plant.ID | 115.63 | ||
| τ00 Run | 129.95 | ||
| τ00 RLC.Order | 13.11 | ||
| ICC | 0.32 | ||
| N Run | 8 | ||
| N Plant.ID | 143 | ||
| N RLC.Order | 6 | ||
| Observations | 287 | ||
| Marginal R2 / Conditional R2 | 0.370 / 0.574 | ||
plot(allEffects(all_runs_photosyn_model_ek))
hypnea %>% group_by(Treatment) %>% summarise_at(vars(ek.1), list(mean = mean))
hypnea %>% ggplot(aes(treatment_graph, ek.1)) +
geom_boxplot(size=0.5) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.5, size = 3, aes(color = Temperature), show.legend = TRUE) +
labs(x="salinity/nitrate", y= "Ek (μmols photons m-2 s-1)", title= "B", subtitle = "Hypnea musciformis") +
scale_x_discrete(labels = c("35ppt/0.5umolN", "35ppt/14umolN", "28ppt/27umolN", "28ppt/53umolN", "18ppt/53umolN", "11ppt/80umolN")) + ylim(-1, 240) + stat_mean() +
geom_hline(yintercept=0, color = "purple", size = 0.5, alpha = 0.5) +
theme_bw() +
theme(plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", vjust = -15, hjust = 0.05), plot.subtitle = element_text(face = "italic", vjust = -20, hjust = 0.05))
plot linear regression Ek with growth rate
hypnea_growth_etr_graph <- ggplot(hypnea, aes(x=ek.1, y=growth_rate)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.5, size = 3, show.legend = TRUE, aes(color = Treatment)) +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", col = "black") + theme_bw() +
labs(title = "Hypnea musciformis Ek vs Growth Rate", x = "Ek (μmols photons m-2 s-1)",
y = "growth rate (%)") + stat_regline_equation(label.x = 25, label.y = 165) + stat_cor()
hypnea_growth_etr_graph
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'